Periodontics Chicago, IL

Hard Tissue/Osseous Procedures

An osseous procedure is a periodontal treatment that reduces or completely eliminates bacteria living in pockets underneath the gums. explains that during the procedure , a surgeon cuts back the patient’s gums, removes the bacteria, and repairs damaged bone. Hard tissue procedures primarily curb the progression of gum disease but can also involve treating the enamel, dentin, and cementum.

In both hard tissue and osseous procedures, the primary goal is to remove bacteria from the pockets to prevent the spread of infection and disease. With advancements in modern dental technology, these procedures can be done using a laser that burns bacteria without coming close to the nerves, roots, or bone. Once the gums are reattached and sewn, they naturally heal and cling onto the tooth, slightly tighter than they were before.

Detecting Periodontal Disease

Typically, patients are screened for gum and periodontal disease during their routine check-ups. Dentists can identify and diagnose periodontal disease by checking for gum bleeding, swelling, firmness, and pocket depth (space between teeth and gum line). They also assess teeth movement, sensitivity, and proper alignment. If there are concerning symptoms, they may also examine the patient’s jawbone to detect any broken bones surrounding the teeth.

Stages of Periodontal Disease

The three stages of periodontal disease are gingivitis, periodontitis, and advanced periodontitis. Gingivitis is the beginning stage and refers to inflammation of the gums. Treatments for gingivitis include a professional cleaning and special mouthwash that eliminates bacteria from the gums. Periodontitis, the second stage, occurs when bacteria or infection has spread beneath the gum line. This stage is also reversible and can be treated by professionally cleaning the pockets using a special tool. Advanced periodontitis, the final stage, refers to when the infection damages the underlying bone and surrounding tissues, causing tooth loss or severe shifting.

Preventing Periodontal Disease

There are a variety of ways patients can prevent the development and progression of periodontal disease. First and foremost, practicing adequate oral hygiene habits is essential for proper oral care and function. The American Academy of Periodontology suggests doing the following to prevent periodontal disease:

• Brush your teeth: Brushing after meals can help remove food debris and plaque trapped between the teeth and gums; especially if one thoroughly brushes the tongue.
• Floss: Flossing at least once a day can help remove food particles and plaque between teeth and along the gum line that your toothbrush cannot quite reach.
• Swish with mouthwash: Using a mouthwash helps reduce plaque and can remove remaining food particles that brushing and flossing missed.
• Know your risk: Age, smoking, diet, and genetics can all increase the risk for periodontal disease. If at increased risk, be sure to talk with the dental professional.
• See a periodontist: Get an annual comprehensive periodontal evaluation (CPE) from a dental professional. A CPE looks at the teeth, plaque level, gums, bite, bone structure, and other risk factors for periodontal disease. Identifying symptoms of gum disease early is key to protecting the teeth and gums.

Periodontal Surgery

In severe cases and advanced stages, some patients may require periodontal surgery to effectively remove an infection. Periodontal surgery consists of a variety of treatments that target different regions of the mouth. Surgical procedures include flap surgery, bone grafting, guided tissue regeneration, or soft tissue grafts.

During periodontal surgery, a small cut or cuts are made in the gums, lifting back a section of tissue. This allows the periodontist to remove tartar, bacteria, and infection from the gum sockets and the teeth. The gums are then reattached to fit more securely on the teeth. The entire process takes about two hours and the recovery period can take up to two weeks.